What is thermal runaway?
Thermal Runaway
Thermal runaway is a hazardous condition in lithium-ion batteries where internal heat generation surpasses the battery’s ability to dissipate heat. This leads to a rapid increase in temperature, potentially causing fires or explosions. Triggers include overcharging, physical damage, manufacturing defects, or exposure to high temperatures.
Initiation
Battery experiences overcharging, damage, or manufacturing defect.
Heat Generation
Internal temperature rises due to exothermic reactions.
Gas Release
Electrolyte decomposes, releasing flammable gases.
Ignition
Accumulated gases ignite, leading to fire or explosion.
Real-World Incidents
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E-scooter caused fire that put seven in hospital
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E-bike battery warning after fire guts home
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Family Escapes Burning Home After Second-Hand E-Bike Explodes
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Middleton fire: Lithium battery factory in flames
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Warning after e-bike battery causes house fire
These incidents reflect a broader trend: UK fire brigades are now tackling at least three lithium-ion battery fires daily, with a 93% increase in such fires between 2022 and 2024.
E-bikes alone accounted for 362 fires in 2024, nearly double the number from 2022.
To mitigate these risks, it’s crucial to follow safety guidelines for charging and storing devices with lithium-ion batteries, use manufacturer-approved chargers, and avoid purchasing second-hand or modified battery-powered devices from unverified sources.
